Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani (Persian: اکبر هاشمی رفسنجانی, romanized: Akbar Hāshemī Rafsanjānī, pronounced [ækˈbæɾ hɒːʃeˈmiː ɾæfsændʒɒːˈniː] (
listen) born Akbar Hashemi Bahramani, 25 August 1934 – 8 January 2017) was an Iranian politician, writer and one of the founding fathers of the Islamic Republic who was the fourth President of Iran from 3 August 1989 until 3 August 1997. He was the head of the Assembly of Experts from 2007 until 2011, when he decided not to nominate himself for the post. He was also the chairman of the Expediency Discernment Council.
Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani (Persian: اکبر هاشمی رفسنجانی, romanized: Akbar Hāshemī Rafsanjānī, pronounced [ækˈbæɾ hɒːʃeˈmiː ɾæfsændʒɒːˈniː] (listen) born Akbar Hashemi Bahramani, 25 August 1934 – 8 January 2017) was an Iranian politician, writer and one of the founding fathers of the Islamic Republic who was the fourth President of Iran from 3 August 1989 until 3 August 1997. He was the head of the Assembly of Experts from 2007 until 2011, when he fixed not to nominate himself for the post. He was as a consequence the chairman of the Expediency Discernment Council.
During his 40-year tenure, Rafsanjani combined a large amount of capacity serving as the speaker of parliament, Commander-in-Chief during the Iran-Iraq War, President, and chose Ali Khamenei as the unconditional leader of Iran. His powerful role and control higher than Iranian politics earned him the name “Akbar Shah”.
Rafsanjani became president of Iran after winning the 1989 election. He served unorthodox term by winning the election in 1993. In the 2005 election he ran for a third term in office, placing first in the first circular of elections but ultimately losing to enemy Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in the run-off. He and his family faced political separation for their retain of the opposition in 2009. Rafsanjani entered the race for the 2013 presidential election, but he was disqualified by the Guardian Council. With Hassan Rouhani’s election, in which Rafsanjani openly supported him, the Rafsanjani relatives gradually recovered their political reputation. Rafsanjani died on 8 January 2017, following a heart attack, in a hospital in Tehran at the age of 82. Although government officials endorsed his death to cardiac arrest, his sharp death prompted speculation that he had been assassinated. His family strongly asserted that he had been murdered. Further examination revealed that his body was extremely radioactive.
Rafsanjani has been described as a pragmatic Islamic conservative. The Economist called him a “veteran kingmaker”. He supported a capitalist forgive market point domestically, favoring privatization of state-owned industries and a teetotal position internationally, seeking to avoid stroke with the United States and the West. He was as well as the founder of, and one of the Board of Trustees of, Azad University. In 2003, Forbes estimated his personal great quantity to undertaking excess of US$1 billion.